全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化真题

全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题

课程代码：00838

I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)

1. Language is ________, which means that speech is primary while writing is secondary. (  )

A. arbitrary   B. dual

C. vocal   D. symbolic

2. In its narrow sense“________” is contrasted with other cultures. (  )

A. a language   B. a culture

C. a human behaviour   D. a thinking pattern

3. ________ meaning is what a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its

use. (  )

A. Social   B. Reflected

C. Thematic   D. Conceptual

4. “Equalitarianism” is a ________word in English. (  )

A. new   B. negative

C. neutral   D. positive

5. In English ________morphemes are inflectional morphemes representing such categories as number, case, tense, etc. (  )

A. derivational   B. free

C. grammatical   D. bound

6. Onomatopoeic words are mainly used as nouns and verbs in (  ).

A. Chinese   B. English

C. both English and Chinese   D. neither English nor Chinese

7. Which of the following expressions can function as a way of greeting others? (  )

A. Who is calling?

B. How is everything?

C.I beg your pardon.

D. Would you like to come to dinner next Saturday?

8. In English speaking culture,“ ________ ”is used when people need to pass in front of others. (  )

A. I am sorry.   B. Let me go, please.

C. Excuse me.   D. It’s OK.

9. _______ means the drawing of a general conclusion from a number of known facts. (  )

A. Deduction   B. Induction

C. Introduction   D. Production

10. “Romeo” is a/an ________ originated from Shakespeare’s play. (  )

A. proverb   B. idiom

C. allusion   D. simile

11. “My hands are as cold as ice” is an example of _______. (  )

A. similes   B. metaphors

C. proverbs   D. allusions

12. “He was __________ over his dismissal.” simply means “He was sad for his dismissal”. (  )

A. green   B. grey

C. pink   D. blue

13. In English culture, a praise is normally accepted with appreciation. So“______” might function roughly the same in English as “哪里”in Chinese. (  )

A. No.   B. It’s very kind of you to say so.

C. Where?   D. Not at all.

14. Which of the following topics is NOT a taboo in the conversation with a westerner? (  )

A. Personal income   B. Sports

C. Political views   D. Religious beliefs

15. Slums where the poor and the coloured races live may be referred to as ________ .(  )

A. downtown   B. uptown

C. ethnic neighbourhood   D. racial neighbourhood

16. —Are you going home?

—Yes, I am.

The above sentences exhibit ________. (  )

A. coherence   B. cohesion

C. paradox   D. coexistence

17. John didn’t go to Japan. Instead, he went to France.

The logical relationship between the above sentences is (  ).

A. additive   B. adversative

C. causal   D. temporal

18. The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is the pronunciation of _________ in words. (  )

A. “r”   B. “a”

C. “wh”   D. “er”

19. “Chewing one’s finger nails” signifies ______. (  )

A. contempt   B. guilty

C.happiness   D. worry

20. The expression “to kick the bucket” means______. (  )

A. “to be angry”   B. “to go away”

C. “to die”   D. “to get out”

II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)

21. “The door locks easily. ” illustrates the fact that ______ in English. (  )

A. grammatical morphemes are still important

B. implicit passives are acceptable

C. nouns can be pluralized

D. verbs can be followed by adjectives

22. “Self-made man” is a positive expression in English because English culture emphasizes______. (  )

A. individualism   B. independence

C. privacy   D. aggression

23. “To be all thumbs” is synonymous to______. (  )

A. “to be clumsy”   B. “to be proud”

C. “to be good at doing something”   D. “to be bad at doing something”

24. It is safe to say that language is an instrument used in ______ of thought. (  )

A. communication   B. shaping

C. expression   D. generation

25. The examples of allusions from history are ______. (  )

A. a Trojan horse   B. Marathon

C. Waterloo   D. an Uncle Tom

26. Which of the following are examples of metaphorical expressions in daily conversations? (  )

A. Pop looked so unhappy, almost like a child who has lost his piece of candy.

B. What he said left a bad taste in my mouth.

C. He is a father of modern biology.

D. Here is an idea that I’d like to plant in your mind.

27. Honorifics are very often used to show ______ to one’s interlocutors no matter whether they are of higher social status. (  )

A. contempt   B. respect

C. politeness   D. jealousy

28. Which of the following are related to the speaking style? (  )

A. Frozen   B. Formal

C. Casual   D. Intimate

29. Which of the following English brand names are coinages? (  )

A. Trane   B. Playtex

C. Pierre   D. Cartan

30. Body language includes such meaning representing devices as (  ).

A. artifacts   B. gestures

C. dress   D. facial expressions

Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)

31. The statement “Languages differ not so much as to what can be said in them, but rather as to what it is relatively easy to say in them.” shows that language influences________.

32. The kinship terms “brother”, “sister”, and others show that ________of the relatives of the same generation is often ignored in English.

33. English is more ________than Chinese as far as the connection between language elements within or beyond sentences is concerned.

34. In English speaking culture, it is ________for a male English speaker to compliment on females on their good looks.

35. “To hit and run” is an allusion related to________.

36. Sometimes English people will tell a white ________, when they feel it is merely more convenient or polite than telling the truth.

37. ________are pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths.

38. Hypotactic relations at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of________.

39. To respond to one’s compliment, people in English speaking countries tend to say “________”.

40. Of the five categories of gestures ____________ are perhaps the most important one because they are intentional behaviours with widely agreed meanings in a society.

IV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)

41. Why is it said that the relationship between language and culture is not simply that between a part and the whole?

42. What does the word “peasant” in English connote?

43. From which language is the word “cookie” borrowed?

44. What is a future-oriented society?

V. Translation. (18%)

45. Not for al! the tea in China.

46. He is a blue-collar worker.

47. If the change is a major one involving substance, I will appreciate your letting me know beforehand.

48．您有何高见?

49．他抓住我的胳膊。

50．你穿这件毛衣很好。

VI. Discuss the following topics. (20%)

51. Are “please” in English and “请” in Chinese used in the same way in communication? If they are not, what differences can you find between them?

52. It is said that the frequent use of honorifics in Chinese is associated with the traditional stratified society and a long history of civilization. Why?